Hydrochemical Response of Karst Groundwater to Rapid Urbanization in Xingtai, North China

Karst groundwater is the main water source for domestic, industrial, and agricultural needs in Xingtai City, North China. The objective of this study was to comprehensively access changes hydrochemical characteristics evolution karst response rapid urbanization. Water samples from late 2010s 1970s were compared utilizing statistical analysis, diagrams, inverse simulation technology. total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness (TH), NO3−, Fe contents significantly higher more recently obtained samples. Further, dominance HCO3-Ca-type decreased, with new types emerging, relative groundwater. Abnormal TDS, TH, SO42−, Cl− concentrations can be attributed sewage discharge fertilizer. Two areas around center City Yangfan Town south area most affected by human activities. However, modeling indicated that dissolution gypsum halite, as well cation-exchange processes, occurred paths during both periods. Recent increases ion have caused carbonate minerals dissolve, resulting a further increase concentrations. requires study.